Arraid Journal of Science and Technology ( AJST)

A CFD Analysis of Winglet Angle Effects on the Hover Performance of a Helicopter Rotor

2026-01-01T05:31:42+00:00

This study numerically investigates the aerodynamic performance of a UH-60A Black Hawk rotor blade equipped with winglets under hover conditions. The primary objective is to evaluate the potential for performance improvement by analyzing various winglet angles and directions. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations were conducted using NUMECA, solving the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model. The results indicate that the incorporation of winglets yields a modest increase in rotor thrust of approximately 2%. However, this thrust enhancement is accompanied by an increase in torque across all tested winglet configurations, indicating a concomitant rise in power requirement.

A Usability Evaluation of the Presto Mobile Application

2026-01-01T05:44:11+00:00

Many people rely on e-commerce to obtain a wide range of goods, and mobile applications, such as Presto in Libya, are among the most important tools in this field that should be usable. This study evaluates the mobile usability of the Presto mobile application. This application is primarily used in Libya to facilitate food and grocery deliveries, e-commerce, and online store pickups. The usability testing was conducted in Tripoli with five experienced users and four first-time users. Objective and subjective data were analysed to identify this application's usability. The results show that the Presto mobile application is usable, effective, efficient, and satisfactory, according to participants' perceptions, despite some usability issues related to search time and order modification, which require improvements to increase the application's effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction.

Effect of Steam Injection and Combined Cycle Technologies on Fuel Consumption and CO2 Emissions in Gas Turbine Power Plants

2026-01-02T13:33:04+00:00

This study investigates and compares the performance of a simple gas turbine plant with two advanced techniques: steam injection and combined cycle, focusing on fuel consumption and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. The results indicate that at an air compressor inlet temperature of 15 °C the specific fuel consumption (SFC) for the simple gas turbine is 230.44 kg/MWh. The steam injection technique significantly reduces SFC to 153.36 kg/MWh, achieving a 33.5% improvement, whereas the combined cycle reduces it to only 162.86 kg/MWh, with a 29.3% improvement. In terms of CO2 emissions, the simple cycle emits 632.16 kg/MWh, which is decreased to 420.71 kg/MWh with steam injection (33.4% reduction) and to 446.78 kg/MWh with the combined cycle (29.3% reduction). The results demonstrated that steam injection outperforms the combined cycle in fuel efficiency and emission reduction under moderate inlet temperatures, highlighting its potential for cleaner and more efficient power generation.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM AND THE FOURIER TRANSFORM FOR SOLVING SECOND-ORDER NON-HOMOGENEOUS DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

2026-01-02T08:50:18+00:00

This paper conducts a comparative analysis of two principal integral transform methods, the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform, for deriving analytical solutions to second-order linear non-homogeneous ordinary differential equations (ODEs). The study systematically examines their theoretical underpinnings, procedural methodologies, respective domains of applicability, and computational efficacy. Although both techniques reduce differential equations to more tractable algebraic forms, they exhibit fundamental distinctions in their operational domains, treatment of initial conditions, and suitability for various forcing functions.

The Laplace transform proves to be the more versatile and powerful tool for solving initial value problems (IVPs), which are prevalent in dynamical systems analysis. Its strength lies in its inherent capacity to incorporate initial conditions at directly into the transformed equation and its robustness when dealing with discontinuous or exponential-type forcing functions.

Conversely, the Fourier transform is predominantly suited for problems defined on the entire real line . It emerges as the preferred method for steady-state analysis and for handling problems involving periodic or non-decaying signals, particularly those situated on infinite domains.

ROAD-CONDITION CLASSIFICATION VIA COOPERATIVE V2V DATA SHARING: AN ENHANCED ANALYTICAL AND ALGORITHMIC FRAMEWORK

2026-01-05T12:02:01+00:00

Road-condition classification is a key enabler for intelligent transportation, cooperative safety, and autonomous driving. This paper proposes an enhanced analytical and cooperative V2V framework for inferring road and environmental states in real time. Vehicles exchange feature vectors containing traction, braking anomalies, visibility metrics, weather intensity, and density estimations. A mathematical model for weighted cooperative fusion is introduced, and five road-condition scoring functions are formulated. Analytical proofs for convergence, noise-resilience, and low-latency operation are provided [1]. A simulation scenario is presented with expected performance results. Accuracy, latency, and false-positive rate improvements are demonstrated through embedded figures. The findings confirm that cooperative V2V fusion greatly enhances classification reliability and responsiveness, making the framework suitable for next-generation vehicular networks.

Detecting Profile Cloning Attack in Social Networks

2026-01-07T19:07:49+00:00

Profile cloning, one of the most common forms of digital identity fraud, refers to the intentional imitation of a user's personal social network accounts by creating a false one in order to make a fake account. This manipulative approach takes advantage of the trust and interrelation properties of SNS architecture to facilitate various cyber-attacks, such as impersonation, social engineering, phishing, and false information campaigns and fake news. Herein, we present an extensive discussion on the phenomenon of profile cloning. It starts with an introduction explaining profile cloning and differentiating it from related attacks such as identity theft or catfishing. The paper goes on by outlining the primary cloning methods, Friend-List-based Cloning and Full-Profile Cloning. It examines both the primary motives that drive the perpetrators with anything from financial fraud and societal sabotage, all the way to espionage and vendettas. Key to this analysis is its focus on the multi-faceted effects upon victims, organizations, and social media in general, as well as on the psychological, financial, and reputational impacts. The paper then provides an overview of detection methods and how various approaches cover user-centric methods, feature-based machine learning methods, and graph-based analytical methods. It also analyses the legal and ethical systems today and describes problems with jurisdictional enforcement and platform accountability. In conclusion, the paper synthesizes proactive and strategic mitigating approaches by users, SNS providers, and the policy community in order to find that a multi-stakeholder response by means of high-tech detection, robust legal representation, and ongoing teaching and promoting digital literacy is critical to the efforts of responding to the growing threat posed to online identity and trust.

Prevalence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, and relationship with insulin resistance: cross-sectional study in Tripoli Libya

2026-01-02T09:05:02+00:00

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a syndrome of ovarian dysfunction characterized by multiple (poly) cysts (small sacs filled with fluid) in the ovaries. The clinical manifestations of PCOS include infertility, menstrual irregularity or absence, excess of androgen, and obesity. World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that PCOS has affected 116 million women worldwide. Objective: Aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between PCOS and insulin resistance (IR) and what knowledge women have about this disease and the extent of its prevalence. Methods: This research delves into the prevalence and interplay of PCOS and insulin resistance among Libyan women aged 17-45 and was administered to 245 Libyan women. Descriptive statistics were employed to analyze the collected data, providing insights into prevalent trends and percentages. Results: The research uncovers a notable PCOS prevalence of 39.1% among the respondents, with 14.5% indicating IR . Intriguingly, a significant correlation emerges between PCOS and mental health concerns, as 71.6% report experiencing nervousness or mood swings. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need for holistic healthcare strategies addressing both reproductive and metabolic aspects of PCOS, with reported positive outcomes from proactive management. The findings provide a foundation for future research, stressing the importance of early detection and ongoing support for women affected by PCOS.

Analyzing Barriers to the Adoption of Websites and Mobile Applications in Libya: A Mixed-Methods Study on E-Services, Trust, and Digital Transformation

2026-01-23T19:58:42+00:00

Libya presents a paradox in the domain of digital transformation: despite a relatively high internet penetration rate of approximately 88.4% in 2024 [1]. the country continues to face significant barriers to the effective adoption of websites and mobile applications. This paper investigates the key obstacles hindering digital engagement in Libya, including inadequate infrastructure, low internet speed and reliability, limited electronic payment systems, lack of trust in online services, digital illiteracy, and cultural considerations such as compliance with Islamic principles. A mixed-methods study design was adopted, combining quantitative data from a survey of 482 respondents with qualitative insights from interviews with twelve business managers. Quantitative analysis was conducted using statistical tools, while qualitative data were processed through natural language processing (NLP) techniques using NLTK and spaCy. Results indicate that while internet connectivity is widespread, actual use of e-services remains hindered by systemic inefficiencies and social barriers. The study contributes to the literature by presenting a holistic view of Libya’s digital ecosystem, highlighting both barriers and opportunities. Recommendations include short-term measures such as strengthening infrastructure and digital literacy programs, and long-term strategies such as legislative reforms, AI adoption, and the establishment of a national digital transformation authority.

التقنية الحيوية ودورها في معالجة التربة الملوثة بالنفط الخام بواسطة البكتيريا

2026-01-02T08:24:19+00:00

Bioremediation is a natural process in which microorganisms alter and degrade the structure of petroleum hydrocarbon compounds into other substances. The resulting compounds, such as carbon dioxide, water, and biomass, may be partially oxidized due to biological transformation. The bacteria that consume petroleum are referred to as “hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria” because they oxidize these compounds, leading to their degradation and the transformation of contaminated soil into clean soil. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of biotechnological methods using bacteria to remediate oil-contaminated soils. The experiments were carried out in the microbiology laboratory at the Oil Research Center using soil samples from the crude oil-contaminated area of the Zawiya Refinery, with contamination originating from the Sharara oil field . The study concluded that a high percentage of hydrocarbon degradation and breakdown was achieved—up to 60%. The bacterial strains (Actinomycetes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio) demonstrated very high growth capacity in the contaminated environment. The efficiency of the bioremediation process was found to be directly proportional to the active biomass in the soil. Similarly, hydrocarbon degradation was positively correlated with time, particularly during the initial phase of biodegradation by hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria. This process is facilitated by the enzymes produced by these bacteria, capable of degrading polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Most of the isolated bacterial strains were Gram-negative, characterized by a lipid-rich outer membrane. This feature enables them to absorb a greater quantity of hydrocarbon compounds from the environment, subsequently oxidizing and utilizing them as a carbon source

مقارنة تحليلية لعمليات تصحيح النظر و التقنيات الحديثة المتاحة لعلاج قصر النظر الشديد

2026-01-02T08:33:28+00:00

Myopia prevalence has been on the increase, and it is projected that by 2050, 50% of the population will be affected. 10% of the people have severe myopia, with women being the most commonly affected group. This condition predisposes them to retinal detachment, glaucoma, and retinopathy [1]. A study in an eye clinic in Tripoli indicated that within the age group of women between 20 to 40 years, 43.18% were found to be suffering from moderate myopia, while 25% had severe myopia.

High myopia is also problematic in LASIK surgery because of the possibility of corneal protrusion following the procedure, which is caused by the thinning of the corneas leading to bulging, and partial myopia [2]. Due to the instability in long correction, implantable lenses are required for correction. Only one intraocular lens has approval in the United States since 2022. This is the ICL/EVO lens by STAAR Surgical [3].

تصميم ومحاكاة لنموذج منظومة توليد الطاقة النظيفة لحي سكني لمدينة مستدامة في ليبيا

2026-01-02T12:53:50+00:00

The global adoption of advanced computational tools and simulation platforms has revolutionized infrastructure planning and design. This progress has enabled the development of innovative solutions to urban sustainability challenges. Given Libya's prime location in a high solar irradiance zone, solar energy presents a strategic avenue for sustainable urban development.

This study develops, designs, and simulates an integrated model for clean energy and green hydrogen production, termed the "Namaa Energy System," to power a smart sustainable city in Libya. The system synergistically combines an alkaline electrolyzer, photovoltaic panels, PEM fuel cells, and an automated control unit. Tripoli and Ghadames serve as case studies to evaluate geographical impacts, using Aspen Plus and EES software for simulation and precise calibration.

Results indicate that the proposed system can achieve complete energy and fuel self-sufficiency for a smart city. Moreover, it can generate a significant surplus during peak solar months, enabling a transition to an export model and fostering sustainable economic growth. The system demonstrates high adaptability, with its application feasible across various Libyan cities. The required scale of the photovoltaic array can be efficiently tailored to local climatic conditions and solar resources at each specific site. This research underscores the technical viability and strategic value of integrated solar-hydrogen systems in advancing urban sustainability and energy independence for Libya.

أثر الصيانة على الكفاءة الإنتاجية بمحطة كهرباء الخمس

2026-01-02T13:15:29+00:00

This study aimed to analyze the impact of various types of maintenance (preventive, corrective, and planned) on production efficiency at the Khoms Power Plant in Libya. To achieve the study's objectives, the researchers conducted a field study at the Khoms Power Plant by distributing 50 questionnaires to employees across various specialties, of which 42 were returned, yielding a response rate of 84%.

Several statistical methods were used, including Cronbach’s Alpha to assess reliability, and Cohen’s effect size. The data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software.

The study revealed several findings, notably that all types of maintenance had a significant and positive impact on improving production efficiency. Preventive maintenance was found to be the most influential, followed by corrective and then planned maintenance. Additionally, there were no statistically significant differences in employees’ assessments of the impact of maintenance based on years of experience.

The study recommended the systematic implementation of preventive maintenance, the enhancement of corrective maintenance team skills and resource availability, and the adoption of a planned maintenance system utilizing modern technologies.

مدى تطبيق نظام المحاسبة عن المسؤولية الإجتماعية في المصارف الليبية دراسة تحليلية على مصرف الجمهورية الميدان في مدينة الزاوية – ليبيا

2026-01-03T17:27:44+00:00

The study dealt with the application of the social responsibility accounting system in Libyan banks. The study aimed to identify the importance that Libyan commercial banks attach to programs and activities related to social responsibility, to know the extent of Libyan commercial banks' commitment to performing their social responsibilities, and to know the ability of the accounting system applied in Libyan banks to this system. The descriptive analytical approach was used in this study, with the questionnaire being used as a tool to collect data from the Republic Bank - Al-Midan, Al-Zawiya Branch The sample included thirty-two employees, and the SPSS program was used. It reached the conclusion that there is good awareness and commitment to the importance of accounting for social responsibility in the bank, with the need to improve and develop some areas. The study recommended the need to take steps to improve accounting cadres by training and qualifying them to ensure their ability to implement the accounting system for social responsibility.